One of a range of experiment modules that fit to the Structures platform (STS1, available separately), this product helps students to understand the nature of plastic deformation in hot-rolled mild steel portal frames that can undergo large plastic deformations. Similar frames at real-scale form parts of buildings with large internal spaces such as factories or warehouses.

Students fit the specimen portal frame to fixing blocks that simulate fixed foundations, and apply loads. Load cells measure the applied forces and precision indicators measure the portal deformation. Each load cell applies and measures the load through cables at 90 degrees to the portal. This preserves the load direction as the portal deforms.

Students apply vertical, horizontal or combined loads to the portal, forcing it to bend through the elastic region and into the plastic region where it deforms permanently, experiencing ‘plastic collapse’ and the formation of ‘plastic hinges’. This allows students to appreciate the ratio between yield moment and the fully plastic moment (shape or form factor), showing how this ratio provides an additional safety factor. It explains how a building may fail, but still withstand loads to allow people to safely leave before the complete collapse. It also shows the interaction between the vertical and horizontal loads and the production of an interaction diagram to predict the failure mode. Students use textbook equations to predict the results, comparing them to measured results. This helps confirm the textbook equations' reliability and the experiment results' accuracy.

Note: The experiments are destructive tests, so you use each portal only once. This product includes a set of additional specimen portals to allow experiments ‘out of the box’, and a Vernier caliper for accurate measurement of the cross-section.

The deformation indicators have individual displays, but they can connect (with the load cells) to the USB interface hub of the Structures platform for computer display and data acquisition.

Learning Outcomes

•  Elastic bending to plastic deformation of hot-rolled mild steel
• How the plastic region moves through the specimen section as the load increases
• Collapse load and the formation of plastic ‘hinges’
• Yield stress
• How beam fixings affect the deformation of:
  
  • simply supported beams
  • fixed or ‘encastre’ beams
  • a propped cantilever
• Shape of a collapsed beam due to hinge formation
• Form or shape factor of a beam and the additional factor of safety it provides.

Key Features

• One of a range of experiment modules that teach structures principles
• Fits the Structures platform for ergonomic use and space-saving storage
• Vertical and horizontal load and measurement for increased experiment range
• Includes a set of specimen portals for ‘out of the box’ experiments
• Additional pack of specimen portals available
• Industrial, high-resolution digital deformation indicators for accurate results
• Includes Vernier caliper for cross-section measurement
• Supplied with a storage tray to keep smaller items safe
• Works with user-friendly software (VDAS^®)

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